DA ASSIGNMENT 1

DA ASSIGNMENT 1

Deni Erwinandari / A. 320090179 / D

1.      Definition of Discourse

Discourse is the way in which language is used socially to convey broad historical meanings. It is language identified by the social conditions of its use, by who is using it and under what conditions. Language can never be 'neutral' because it bridges our personal and social worlds.

2.       

Govt told to merge under-performing regions

The Jakarta Post | Fri, 04/20/2012 10:49 AM

Regional autonomy experts are calling on the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities, given their failure to bring significant progress to their people and strengthen democracy.

Several critics have also urged the government to maintain the moratorium against the creation of new regions, despite proposals for new jurisdictions continually being pushed by lawmakers.

Siti Zuhro, a member of the Home Ministry’s Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) expert team, said the moratorium, set to end in December, should be kept in place to curb political enthusiasm from local elites and political parties to form new regions. According to a government evaluation, almost all of the 205 new regions formed between 2001 and 2008 failed to perform well in improving social welfare and strengthening democracy.

a.      Cohesion

Ø  Substitution

From the article, there is some of substitution used such as experts, country’s, provinces, regencies, municipalities, critics, regions, proposals, jurisdictions, lawmakers, Ministry’s, Sciences, elites, parties and regions.

·         Substitution of a Noun

-          Experts  the meaning to related the official regional autonomy assigned  to encourage the performance of the state, province, county and city.

-          country’s the meaning to related  central government.

-          Provinces the meaning to related part of the country which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.

-          Regencies the meaning to related one of part which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.

-          Municipalities the meaning to related one of part country which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.

-          Critics the meaning to related suggestion from regional autonomy and society to maintain the moratorium against the creation of new regions.

-          Regions the meaning to related location of provinces, regencies and municipalities.

-          Proposals the meaning to related documents which proposed by regional autonomy.

-          Jurisdictions the meaning to related law of government.

-          Lawmakers the meaning to class of central government or parliamentarian such as make regulation of written.

-          Ministry’s the meaning related to departments in the country of central government.

-          Sciences the meaning related to conception of institute of government Indonesia.

-          Elites the meaning to related upper class of home ministry’s in Indonesia.

-          Parties the meaning related to name of class in government.

Ø  Ellipsis

From the article above, there are nothing ellipsis containing in each of words of the article.

Ø  References

The article above not contains the reference because the reporter is report the direct statements of the informant of news.

Ø  Conjunction

The conjunctions which use in the article above such as: and, between

The meaning of each conjunction word is to indicate the relationship between before sentences and the next sentences.

Ø  Lexical Cohesion

·         Repetition

The repetition of the article such as: government, regions and democracy.

The word government means that organization or the leaders of country for regulate some problem in country and the word regions means is location or place which consist of some people and then the word democracy means is discussion of conference together to need and compact the society.

·         Synonymy

In the article above, there is nothing a synonymy words containing.

·         Hyponymy

On the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities. The sentence means the provinces, regencies and municipalities are part of country’s.

·         Metonymy

In the article above, there is nothing a metonymy words containing.

·         Antonymy

 In the article above, there is nothing a metonymy words containing.

b.      Deixis

Ø  Personal Deixis

-          Their means to related member of government.

Ø  Spatial Deixis

In the article above, there is nothing a Spatial Deixis words containing.

Ø  Temporal Deixis

-          End in December means to related Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) expert team, said the moratorium, set to end in December.

Ø  Discourse Deixis

In the article above, there is nothing a Discourse Deixis words containing.

Ø  Social Deixis

“Regional autonomy experts are calling on the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities, given their failure to bring significant progress to their people and strengthen democracy”.

The meaning of this sentence is to give a reason about the problem containing.

SAHABAT SEJATI
Apa yang kita alami demi teman kadang-kadang melelahkan
dan menjengkelkan, tetapi itulah yang membuat persahabatan
mempunyai nilai yang indah.
Persahabatan sering menyuguhkan beberapa cobaan, tetapi
persahabatan sejati bisa mengatasi cobaan itu bahkan
bertumbuh bersama karenanya…
Persahabatan tidak terjalin secara otomatis tetapi
membutuhkan proses yang panjang seperti besi menajamkanbesi,
demikianlah sahabat menajamkan sahabatnya. Persahabatan
diwarnai dengan berbagai pengalaman suka dan duka, dihibur-disakiti,
diperhatikan-dikecewakan, didengar-diabaikan, dibantu-ditolak,
namun semua ini tidak pernah sengaja dilakukan
dengan tujuan kebencian.
Seorang sahabat tidak akan menyembunyikan kesalahan
untuk menghindari perselisihan, justru karena kasihnya
ia memberanikan diri menegur apa adanya.
Sahabat tidak pernah membungkus pukulan dengan ciuman,
tetapi menyatakan apa yang amat menyakitkan
dengan tujuan sahabatnya mau berubah.
Proses dari teman menjadi sahabat membutuhkan usaha
pemeliharaan dari kesetiaan, tetapi bukan pada saat kita
membutuhkan bantuan barulah kita memiliki motivasi
mencari perhatian, pertolongan dan pernyataaan kasih
dari orang lain, tetapi justru ia beriinisiatif memberikan
dan mewujudkan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh sahabatnya.

Kerinduannya adalah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sahabatnya,
karena tidak ada persahabatan yang diawali dengan sikap egoistis.
Semua orang pasti membutuhkan sahabat sejati,
namun tidak semua orang berhasil mendapatkannya.
Banyak pula orang yang telah menikmati indahnya persahabatan, namun
ada juga yang begitu hancur karena dikhianati sahabatnya.
Beberapa hal seringkali menjadi penghancur
persahabatan antara lain :
1. Masalah bisnis UUD (Ujung-Ujungnya Duit)
2. Ketidakterbukaan
3. Kehilangan kepercayaan
4. Perubahan perasaan antar lawan jenis
5. Ketidaksetiaan.
Tetapi penghancur persahabatan ini telah berhasil dipatahkan
oleh sahabat-sahabat yang teruji kesejatian motivasinya.
Renungkan :
**Mempunyai satu sahabat sejati lebih berharga dari seribu teman yang mementingkan diri sendiri
“Dalam masa kejayaan, teman2 mengenal kita. Dalam kesengsaraan, kita mengenal teman2 kita.”**

Here are eight tips for healthy living on the go

Here are eight tips for healthy living on the go:
1. Enjoy a pint of water first thing in the morning.
If you haven’t got time for anything else in the morning, make time to drink a big glass of water. We lose a lot of oxygen through the night and to rejuvenate our cells, we need to supply them with water and oxygen. Drink a glass of water and within a week you’ll begin to feel less tired. I like the taste of water, but I know some people do not so if you’re one of them, squeeze some fresh lime into your water to give it taste and drink up.
2. Grab a few fresh fruits on your way out.
Wherever you’re going – whether it’s a walk or drive to the supermarket or on your way to a meeting – pick up one or two fruits and eat them. If you leave for work in the morning and don’t return ’til evening, take a few fruits and eat them throughout the day. Fruits are great for their nutrients, vitamins and sugars that are required in our body.
3. Avoid going to junk food shops with your work mates.
If your work mates are going and you want to go along, go ahead but don’t order the burger or french fries. Go for a nice salad instead. Or any other healthy meal that takes your fancy. Junk food is full of “empty calories” that do nothing for your body but put on extra unneeded and unhealthy fat.
4. Exercise on the go.
If you work in an office, get up every 30 minutes and go for a walk. If you have an office with stairs, run up and down the stairs every couple of hours. Get your blood flowing and your muscles moving.
5. Drink herbal teas.
When at work or home, many people love to get a cup of tea or coffee. Decide that you’ll be more healthy and get a warm cup of herbal tea. The selection available today is absolutely massive, so you’re guaranteed to find one you enjoy. I like mandarin and ginseng tea as well as fennel seed tea.
6. Eat a handful of nuts.
Get your favorite selection of nuts (almonds, cashews, pecans, walnuts, etc.) and raisins and have a big handful of them at around 3pm. This has been shown to increase afternoon energy and productivity.
7. Say yes to freshly squeezed juice.
One of the biggest and most exciting changes I made in my health about 7 months ago was when I said “yes” to having my own freshly squeezed juice every morning. Since then, my energy, body health and vitality has increased ten-fold. I create the time to squeeze my own carrot-apple-ginger juice; however if you don’t have the time, ask someone if they can make it for you in exchange for something you can help them with, or get yourself to a local juice bar and get your share of the juice!
8. Deep breathing.
When you’ve got time – at your desk, driving the car, cooking food – do some deep breathing. Inhale and count up to 5 seconds, hold it for a few seconds, and release slowly. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is one of the best things we can do for our blood and cells.