Sabtu, 21 April 2012

DA ASSIGNMENT 2


DA ASSIGNMENT 2

Deni Erwinandari / A.320090179 / D

Writing Summary by Fitri Nurwiyanti
1)      An article in Campus magazine entitled “Publics Participation For Education” by Miftakhul Khoiri presents the first school Taman Siswa built by Ki Hajar Dewantara.
In the sentence 1 “an article” replace of “Publics Participation For Education” it is called substitution of noun. In sentence 1 before “present” it should be “that” to emphasize of who is the present of the first school Taman Siswa it is called ellipsis. In sentence 1 “taman siswa” refers to Ki Hajar Dewantara called synonymy. Repetition of “by” (sentence 1). “first” is called temporal conjunction to show the events in the text (sentence 1).

2)      Education paradigm is growing in Indonesia to fulfill the sprit of education these days.
In sentence 2 “education paradigm” replace “Indonesia” called substitution of noun. In sentence 2 “these” as replacement of the day where education paradigm is growing called comparative reference.
3)      Citizens should get competent education.
In sentence 3 “component education” as clausal ellipsis that presents the component education what.
4)      Education is responsibility by government and the side of private sector individual and group.
Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 4).
5)      Because of limited cost, the government opens the opportunity for public to participate and develop business education such as; building opening schools, courses, or skill education with facilities more complete and better than government schools.
In this type “because of” of conjunction, the relationship is one of cause and consequence and it can be called hypotactic conjunction (sentence 5). Repetition of “education”, “open”, “school”, “government” (sentence 5).  Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 5). Collocation of “school”, “course”, “education” (sentence 5).
6)      Supported by complete and good facilities make this school rather expensive because it also promises the good management on its education.
“supported (0)” is meant to what the supported is pointed (sentence 6). The pointed of business education, it is called demonstrative reverence (sentence 6). “this” change of the business education in sentence 5 which complete and good facilities (sentence 6). “it” replace by “complete and good facilities” called substitution of noun (sentence 6). In sentence 6 “its” changes of develop business education in sentence 5 called substitution of verb. Repetition of “good” (sentence 6). In this type “because” of conjunction, the relationship is one of cause and consequence and it can be called hypotactic conjunction (sentence 6).
7)      Indonesia has pesantren as education system (Islamic boarding house models).
The synonymy “pesantren” to “education system” (sentence 7)
8)      It is classified into two models: First Traditional, it does not collect the payment from the students and students can stay and study freely.
“it” replace by “education system” in sentence 7 called anaphoric reference which pesantren (sentence 8). “first” is called temporal conjunction to show the events in the text (sentence 8). “it” replace by “ traditional pesantren” called anaphoric reference which pesantren (sentence 8). Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 8). Repetition of “student” (sentence 8). “can stay (0)” is meant to whom that stay, it can be meant stay of the traditional method (sentence 8).
9)      They study about Islamic science for the sake of individual and public.
 Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 9). “they” refers to “pesantren”, it is anaphoric reference which emphasize to the backward (sentence 9).
10)  The traditional pesantren still be one choice by our society under class social.
“one choice” replace by “the traditional pesantren” in sentence 7 called substitution of noun (sentence 10).
11)  Second, Modern pesantren collects the payment of the students because it gives more ability and knowledge for students.
“second” is called temporal conjunction to show the events in the text (sentence 11). In this type “because” of conjunction, the relationship is one of cause and consequence and it can be called hypotactic conjunction (sentence 11). it” replace by “ modern pesantren” called anaphoric reference which pesantren (sentence 11). Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 11).
12)  They do not only study about Islam but also other sciences like Biology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art.
“not only but also” is called subordinate conjunction (sentence 12). “science” consisting of Biology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art, is called general word reiteration. Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 12). “they” refers to “pesantren”, it is anaphoric reference which emphasize to the backward (sentence 12).


13)  They are prepared to face the era that always changes.
“that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 13). “they” refers to “biology, mathematics, physics etc”, it is anaphoric reference which emphasize to the backward (sentence 13).

14)  Without being realized, the friction could happen from motivation of organizer and management of existing education.
“that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 14). “without(0)” emphasize to the change of the era, it is called ellipsis (sentence 14). Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 12). Friction(0) of the free of traditional pesantren, it is ellipsis.
15)  To get the good education with their equipment of facility they perform forced the citizen get dealing with power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children.
Here “and” “also” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 15).  Repetition of “get” (sentence 15). “that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 15). 
16)  Poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.
Antonyms of poor people vs. rich man in sentence 16. “they” refers to “poor people to power of bargaining”, it is anaphoric reference which emphasize to the backward (sentence 16).
17)  Government and private sector individually and group have big homework to repair their education inspect that aims on making organization of education.
Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 17).  “that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 17).  “their”the poor people, it is both of anaphoric and cataphoric reference, poor and rich man.
18)  I agree with the writer who says that about publics participation for education is important.
“that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 18). “that(0)” it meant of the writer in the zero ellipsis (sentence 18).   I as anaphoric reference especially fitri. The writer as miftakhul as anaphoric reference.
19)  He says that the education not only managed by government, but also the society who has contribution to build education together, about how they create good education, both the facilities, system and soon.
“not only but also” is called subordinate conjunction (sentence 19). “he” is points to before pronoun of the writer, it can be called anaphoric reference (sentence 19).  Synonymy of build and created (sentence 19). Repetition of education (sentence 19) to stress its importance. “that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 19). He as anaphoric reference as miftakhul.
20)  The government should think that all the society level can enjoy education reasonably.
“that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called introductory clause (sentence 20).
21)  Moreover, to get good education with equipment of facility they perform to force the citizen get the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man’s children.
“moreover” is called temporal conjunction to show the events in the text are related in terms of the timing of their occurrence (sentence 21). “they” refers to “government and private sector” it is anaphoric reference (sentence 21). Repetition of “get” (sentence 21). Here “and” “also” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 21). 
22)  I think that the middle society should optimalize brilliant brain to be able to compete with others.
23)  The writer says that the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.
 “that” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 23). “they” refers to “the poor people” it is anaphoric reference which emphasize to a previously mentioned entity (sentence 23).
24)  I think that this statement is true.
“That” explain the meant before is the purpose of preparing, it can called be hypotactic conjunction (sentence 22). “true(0)” it points to true statement, so it is ellipsis (sentence 24).
25)  The government and the private school should really provide scholarship for the students who have competence to enjoy education.
Here “and” signals the presentation of additional information called additive conjunction (sentence 21). 


DA ASSIGNMENT 1

DA ASSIGNMENT 1
Deni Erwinandari / A. 320090179 / D

1.      Definition of Discourse
Discourse is the way in which language is used socially to convey broad historical meanings. It is language identified by the social conditions of its use, by who is using it and under what conditions. Language can never be 'neutral' because it bridges our personal and social worlds.
2.       
Govt told to merge under-performing regions
The Jakarta Post | Fri, 04/20/2012 10:49 AM

Regional autonomy experts are calling on the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities, given their failure to bring significant progress to their people and strengthen democracy.

Several critics have also urged the government to maintain the moratorium against the creation of new regions, despite proposals for new jurisdictions continually being pushed by lawmakers.
Siti Zuhro, a member of the Home Ministry’s Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) expert team, said the moratorium, set to end in December, should be kept in place to curb political enthusiasm from local elites and political parties to form new regions. According to a government evaluation, almost all of the 205 new regions formed between 2001 and 2008 failed to perform well in improving social welfare and strengthening democracy.
a.      Cohesion
Ø  Substitution
From the article, there is some of substitution used such as experts, country’s, provinces, regencies, municipalities, critics, regions, proposals, jurisdictions, lawmakers, Ministry’s, Sciences, elites, parties and regions.

·         Substitution of a Noun
-          Experts  the meaning to related the official regional autonomy assigned  to encourage the performance of the state, province, county and city.
-          country’s the meaning to related  central government.
-          Provinces the meaning to related part of the country which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.
-          Regencies the meaning to related one of part which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.
-          Municipalities the meaning to related one of part country which means its performance is encouraged by the central government.
-          Critics the meaning to related suggestion from regional autonomy and society to maintain the moratorium against the creation of new regions.
-          Regions the meaning to related location of provinces, regencies and municipalities.
-          Proposals the meaning to related documents which proposed by regional autonomy.
-          Jurisdictions the meaning to related law of government.
-          Lawmakers the meaning to class of central government or parliamentarian such as make regulation of written.
-          Ministry’s the meaning related to departments in the country of central government.
-          Sciences the meaning related to conception of institute of government Indonesia.
-          Elites the meaning to related upper class of home ministry’s in Indonesia.
-          Parties the meaning related to name of class in government.
Ø  Ellipsis
From the article above, there are nothing ellipsis containing in each of words of the article.
Ø  References
The article above not contains the reference because the reporter is report the direct statements of the informant of news.

Ø  Conjunction
The conjunctions which use in the article above such as: and, between
The meaning of each conjunction word is to indicate the relationship between before sentences and the next sentences.
Ø  Lexical Cohesion
·         Repetition
The repetition of the article such as: government, regions and democracy.
The word government means that organization or the leaders of country for regulate some problem in country and the word regions means is location or place which consist of some people and then the word democracy means is discussion of conference together to need and compact the society.
·         Synonymy
In the article above, there is nothing a synonymy words containing.
·         Hyponymy
On the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities. The sentence means the provinces, regencies and municipalities are part of country’s.
·         Metonymy
In the article above, there is nothing a metonymy words containing.
·         Antonymy
 In the article above, there is nothing a metonymy words containing.
b.      Deixis
Ø  Personal Deixis
-          Their means to related member of government.
Ø  Spatial Deixis
In the article above, there is nothing a Spatial Deixis words containing.
Ø  Temporal Deixis
-          End in December means to related Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) expert team, said the moratorium, set to end in December.
Ø  Discourse Deixis
In the article above, there is nothing a Discourse Deixis words containing.
Ø  Social Deixis
Regional autonomy experts are calling on the central government to focus on merging the country’s worst-performing provinces, regencies and municipalities, given their failure to bring significant progress to their people and strengthen democracy”.
The meaning of this sentence is to give a reason about the problem containing.